Had pretty same problem with my pioneer. I'm not sure what how on earth they deem the microphone they provide is alright with their head units. Quiet, etc etc.
I sorted it out by connecting Primo EM172. Successor now is EM272. They are capsule microphones with highest gain I could find. Allows me now to have it installed between sunvisors and not to have to shout when talking.
Connection is very simple, pioneer tip of the jack is a hot one, bearing power, so must be connected to the hot pin on the microphone. Sleeve on the jack doesn't bear the power, so ground pin on the mic.
Pioneer microphone input is in fact symmetrical with voltage applied to one of the signal line. Not the best combination with their original microphone or my solution but it works. I wanted to build an op amp symmetrical output preamp for the microphone for pioneer but after a few trials with Primo capsules and the fact I'm rarely on the phone if ever, I abandoned it. I might return to it because I remember the factory radio and mic were just outstanding compared to Pioneer.
Looking at the Bluetooth modules in pioneer and kenwood, they actually have two separate mic sets inputs. Bluetooth module dynamically and automatically can switch between them (passenger, driver etc). But, second input is not connected. Of course 😁