If you have any kind of audio measuring equipment that can do a sweep of all frequencies measured over time then on the chart you could tell. The only other option is a multi meter set to DC or AC and go across the leads see if you get negative or positive, though I don't recomend it.
If you do have a multi meter you could check the ohms of the wire. Since speaker wire puts up very small (usualy zero to a multi meter on short runs) you could put one probe on the postivie speaker wire coming out of the amp and then on the speaker it runs to, again the positive side of the speaker. If the resistance is zero or darn close your right, if you change to the other lead and it goes up yup, you got it. If you switch the porbe on the speaker and instead the resistance goes down you may have it backwards.
Am I clear as mud??